The Differences between Cast Iron and Cast Aluminum

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The Differences between Cast Iron and Cast Aluminum

Due to the different materials, the distinction between cast aluminum and cast iron is quite obvious. Today, Yide Casting will share the differences with you, so that you can choose the right material for your castings.

  • The difference in weight

The specific gravity of cast aluminum is lighter than cast iron. The density of cast iron is about 7.8 g/cm3, while the density of cast aluminum is about 2.7g/cm3. The weight of cast aluminum parts of the same size is obviously lighter.

  • The difference in volume

The specific gravity of aluminum is lighter. At the same time, the structural strength of aluminum castings per unit volume is less than that of iron castings.Thus the volume of aluminum castings with the same strength is larger than that of iron castings. In the case of the same volume, the strength of cast aluminum is lower than that of cast iron.

  • The difference in cost

The current market price of cast aluminum is much higher than cast iron.

  • The difference in heat dissipation

The thermal conductivity of cast aluminum parts is more than three times that of cast iron parts. It has been widely used in radiators and heat exchangers in industry and cooking utensils.

  • The difference in corrosion resistance

The surface of aluminum castings has a corrosion-resistant oxide protective film, which protects aluminum castings from corrosion. Therefore, aluminum castings are also widely used in medical equipment, refrigeration equipment, oil and gas pipelines, petroleum machinery, etc. The corrosion of iron castings is far less than that of aluminum castings.

  • The difference in casting performance

The casting performance of aluminum is higher than that of cast iron. Aluminum is easy to cast and can cast rough castings with complex shapes.

Yide casting is an experienced casting foundry, specialized in casting iron for 28years, can manufacture the casting iron parts according to your drawing file and requirement. If you are looking for a casting manufacturer, please feel free to contact us for more details, and you are welcome to visit our factory for more details.

iron casting fulcrum bearing

BS2789 Grade 420-12 SG Iron

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BS2789 Grade 420-12 SG Iron

BS2789 Grade 420-12 SG Iron is not a common grade material.  We use ASTM A536 65-45-12 instead normally.

It is related to BS EN 1563 GJS 420-12; 60-40-10; 65-45-12; FGS420-12; SF400; SFP400; DIN 1693 ISO 185 250.

Properties of 420-12 SG Iron

Tensile strength ≥ 420Mpa.
Elongation ≥ 12%.

Mechanical properties shown are typical and may vary subject to the size and section of this SG iron grade.

Certification BS2789 420-12 S G Iron is available with a certificate or conformity, please request when placing any orders.

The hardness of 420-12 SG Iron

The hardness of this grade is around 212 Brinell hardness.

Chemistry composition of 420-12 SG Iron

Carbon 3.40-3.85%

Phosphorous 0.10% max

Manganese 0.10-0.30%

Sulphur 0.02% max

Silicon 2.30-3.10%

Magnesium 0.07% max

 

Foundry of 420-12 SG Iron

BS2789 Grade 420-12 is suitable for applications where the optimal impact, fatigue, electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability features。

Typical applications include valves, dies, pistons and moulds.

iron casting fulcrum bearing cast iron Forklift base

 

Yide casting is an experienced casting foundry, specialized in casting iron for 28years, can manufacture the casting iron parts according to your drawing file and requirement. If you are looking for a casting manufacturer, please feel free to contact us for more details, and you are welcome to visit our factory for more details.

 

 

Ductile Iron EN-GJS-450-10/ASTM A536 65-45-12

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Ductile Iron EN-GJS-450-10/ASTM A536 65-45-12

Ductile Iron EN-GJS-450-10/ASTM A536 65-45-12 is an excellent grade material.

This grade is equal to QT450-10 in China; GS400-12 in Italy; FCD400 in Japan; FGS400 in France; FNG42-12 in Belgium; SJK-400 in Norway and ISO 1083 450-10.

Yide Casting has producing this material grade for many years. Herein, we will share the mechanical properties, chemical composition, foundries and castings of EN-GJS-450-10 for you.

Properties of EN-GJS-450-10 cast iron

Tensile strength ≥ 450 Mpa.
Yield strength ≥ 310 Mpa.
Elongation ≥ 10%.
As for A536 65-45-12, its elongation ≥ 12%. And the other properties are the same as EN-GJS-450-10

Ductile cast iron EN-GJS-450-10 has high tensile strength, high elongation, and good impact resistance.  Therefore, this grade is very widely used.

Hardness of EN-GJS-450-10 cast iron

The hardness of this ductile cast iron grade is between 160-210 Brinell hardness.

Chemistry composition of EN-GJS-450-10 cast iron

According to the standard DIN EN 1563, the foundries could adjust the chemical composition as long as the mechanical and physical properties of the castings could meet the requirements in Standards.

The following chart is an approximate chemical composition range for your reference.

C: 3.50-4.00, Si: 2.20-2.90, Mn: 0.3-0.6, P: 0.03-0.06, S: 0.02-0.040, Mg: 0.020-0.060.

DIN EN 1563 ISO C % Si % Mn % P % S % Mg %
EN-GJS-450-10 450-10 3.5-4 2.2-2.9 0.3-0.6 0.3-0.6 0.02-0.04 0.02-0.06

Foundry of EN-GJS-450-10 cast iron

Because of the comparatively high elongation, EN-GJS-450-10 ductile iron could be used for producing impact resistance casting parts. In addition, it has good low temperature impact resistance and good hardness. Thus it has been used for producing plough, plough pile, differential shell, plow point, valve body and high pressure cylinder.

cast iron shell Wheel hub shell Wheel hub shell

 

 

 

 

Yide casting is an experienced casting foundry, specialized in casting iron for 28years, can manufacture the casting iron parts according to your drawing file and requirement. If you are looking for a casting manufacturer, please feel free to contact us for more details, and you are welcome to visit our factory for more details.

 

 

Introduction to Brinell Hardness

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Brinell hardness is a standard that indicates the hardness of a material. Measured by Brinell hardness tester. It was first proposed by the Swede J.A. Brinell, thus called Brinell hardness.

Press a hardened steel ball with a diameter of D into the surface of the metal material to be tested with a certain load P. And then remove the load after holding it for a period of time. The ratio of the load P to the surface area F of the indentation is the Brinell hardness value, denoted as HB.

Introduction to brinell hardness

Brinell hardness (HB) is generally used when the material is soft. For example, non-ferrous metals, steel before heat treatment or after annealing.

HB refers to pressing a hardened steel ball or cemented carbide ball of a certain diameter into the surface of the metal to be tested with a certain test load. Keep it for a specified time, then unload, and measure the diameter of the indentation on the tested surface.

 

Brinell Hardness Tester

Brinell Hardness Tester

Hardness range

The Brinell hardness range is 8~650HBW.

Features

Generally speaking, the smaller the HB value, the softer the material, and the larger the indentation diameter. Conversely, the larger the HB value, the harder the material, and the smaller the indentation diameter.

The advantage of HB measurement is that it has high measurement accuracy, large indentation area. Thus can reflect the average hardness of the material in a larger range. The measured hardness value is also more accurate, and the data is repeatable.

Symbol

The symbol of Brinell hardness is represented by HBS or HBW.

HBS means that the indenter is a hardened steel ball, which is used to determine materials with a Brinell hardness value below 450, such as mild steel, gray cast iron, and non-ferrous metals.

HBW indicates that the indenter is a cemented carbide and is used to determine materials with a Brinell hardness value below 650.

Brinell Hardness Testing Insight

How to express Brinell hardness

The number before HBS or HBW is the hardness value, and the following numbers are used to indicate the test conditions in sequence:

①The diameter of the sphere of the indenter;

②Test load;

③The time that the test load is maintained (10~15s are not marked).

For example, 170HBS10/1000/30 means that a steel ball with a diameter of 10mm is used. Under the test load of 9807 N (1000 kgf), the measured Brinell hardness value is 170 when kept for 30s.

530HBW5/750 means using a 5 mm diameter cemented carbide ball, under the test load of 7355N (750kgf), the measured Brinell hardness value is 530 when it is maintained for 10-15s.

Application

The HB measurement method is suitable for cast iron, non-ferrous alloys, various annealed and tempered steels. It is not suitable to measure samples or workpieces that are too hard, too small, too thin, and whose surface is not allowed to have large indentations.

Yide casting is an experienced casting supplier, specialized in casting iron for 28years, can manufacture the casting iron parts according to your drawing file and requirement. If you are looking for a casting manufacturer, please feel free to contact us for more details, and you are welcome to visit our factory for more details.

Auto pressure shell

Ductile Cast Iron EN-GJS-600-3

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EN-GJS-600-3 ductile iron is a high grade material in European standard DIN EN 1563.

It is equal to GGG60 in DIN 1693, QT600-3 in China, A536 80-60-03 in USA ASTM, GS600-12 in Italy, FCD600 in Japan, FGS600-2 in France, FNG60-2 in Belgium, SJK-600 in Norway and ISO 1083 600-3.

Today, I will introduce the mechanical properties, chemical composition, foundries and castings of EN-GJS-600-3 for you.

Properties of EN-GJS-600-3 cast iron

Tensile strength ≥ 600 Mpa.
Yield strength ≥ 370 Mpa.
Elongation ≥ 3%.
No impact requirement.

Ductile cast iron EN-GJS-600-3 has high tensile strength, middle ductility and plasticity. It also has good wear resistance and shock absorption properties. That means its comprehensive material properties are very high.

It has good casting process performance. At the same time, it could be heat treated to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties.

Hardness of EN-GJS-600-3 cast iron

The hardness of this ductile cast iron grade is between 180-270 Brinell hardness.

Density of EN-GJS-600-3 cast iron

The density of this ductile iron grade is about 7.3 g/cubic centimeter, or 7.3 kg/liter.

Chemistry composition of EN-GJS-600-3 cast iron

According to the standard DIN EN 1563, the foundries could adjust the chemical composition as long as the mechanical and physical properties of the castings could meet the requirements in Standards.

The following chart is an approximate chemical composition range for your reference.

DIN EN 1563 ISO C % Si % Mn % P % S %
EN-GJS-600-3 600-3 2.5-3.6 1.8-2.8 0.3-0.7 ≤0.08 ≤0.02

Foundry of EN-GJS-600-3 cast iron

Yide casting is an experienced casting foundry, specialized in casting iron for 28years, can manufacture the casting iron parts according to your drawing file and requirement. If you are looking for a casting manufacturer, please feel free to contact us for more details, and you are welcome to visit our factory for more details.

cast iron flywheel cast iron part Auto pressure shell

 

ASTM A536 80-55-06 Ductile Iron

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ASTM A536 80-55-06 Ductile Iron

ASTM A536 80-55-06 is a special grade of ductile cast iron. It is a relatively good material for having comparatively high tensile strength and elongation.

Today, we will share the mechanical properties and chemical composition with you.

1. Mechanical Properties of Ductile Iron ASTM A536 80-55-06 

Tensile Strength ≥ 550 MPa (80,000 psi). Yield Strength ≥ 380 MPa (55,000 psi).  Elongation ≥ 6%.

The hardness range of this grade is 180 – 250 HB. (Brinell Hardness) without heat treatment. However, there is no strict stipulation for this grade.

2. Chemical Composition of Ductile Iron ASTM A536 80-55-06 

The foundries could adjust the chemical composition according to their production experience.  But make sure to meet the requirements of mechanical properties in the Standards.

The following chart is an approximate chemical composition range, which can not be used to production guide.

ASTM A536 C % Si % Mn % P % S % Mg %
80-60-03 3.00-3.60 2.30-2.90 0.30-0.600 ≤0.06 ≤0.04 0.030-0.055

3. Equivalent Grades of Ductile Iron ASTM A536 80-55-06

On account 0f most ductile iron grades require the tensile strength ≤500 MPa or  ≥600 MPa, there is no equivalent grade to ASTM A536 80-55-06. In consequence, this material grade becomes special. Nevertheless, this grade is similar to 70-50-05 and 80-60-03. You just need to adjust the chemical composition to increase tensile strength and elongation.

4. Applications of Ductile Iron ASTM A536 80-55-06 

This material grade has been used for producing many types of iron castings, thanks to its comparatively high tensile strength and elongation. And it is a favorite ductile iron material grade of American clients.

The main applications of this grade are manhole covers, tractor iron parts, cradle brackets of hydraulic cylinder, agricultural machinery parts, plow points, and automotive parts. The followings are some ductile iron parts made by our Yide Casting (Jinma Foundry) in China.

truck casting from Chinacast iron Brackets

Agricultural machinery car pedalcast iron auto parts

Yide casting is an experienced casting foundry, specialized in casting iron for 28years, can manufacture the casting iron parts according to your drawing file and requirement. If you are looking for a casting manufacturer, please feel free to contact us for more details, and you are welcome to visit our factory for more details.

damping block

ASTM A536 60-42-10 Ductile Cast Iron

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ASTM A536 60-42-10 Ductile Cast Iron

ASTM A536 60-42-10 is a special grade of ductile iron according to the American standard.

This grade is equivalent to ISO 450-10, China QT450-10, Germany EN-GJS-450-10, UK 420/12, Italy GS400-12.

The yield strength of ductile cast iron 70-50-05 is no less than 290MPa, the tensile strength is no less than 415MPa, and the elongation (L0=50mm tensile test bar) is no less than 10%.

This grade of ductile iron is suitable for special applications, such as pipes, fittings etc. In practice, Grade 80-55-06 is better than this grade. Therefore, many clients will use 65-42-12 ductile cast iron instead.

This material grade has middle tensile strength, but the elongation is high. That means it is strong and ductile enough. Therefore, unless you have special reasons, otherwise, the equal grade 65-42-12 may be a better choice.

In standard ASTM A536, there is no requirement to the chemical composition. That means the iron foundry could adjust the chemical composition according to their experience. However, the mechanical properties are the necessary requirement.

You can find the mechanical requirement to ASTM A536 60-42-10 in the chart below:

 

 

ASTM A536 65-45-12 Ductile Cast Iron

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ASTM A536 65-45-12 Ductile Cast Iron

ASTM A536 65-45-12 is a kind of ductile iron according to the American standard.

The yield strength is not less than 448MPa, the tensile strength is not less than 310MPa, and the elongation (L0=50mm tensile test bar) is not less than 12%. It is equivalent to China’s QT450-10.

 

 

  • Malleable cast iron

Malleable cast iron, referred to as tough iron. Obtained from white cast iron after annealing treatment, graphite is distributed in clusters. Its structural properties are uniform, wear-resistant, and have good plasticity and toughness. Used to manufacture parts with complex shapes and capable of withstanding strong dynamic loads.

  • Iron-carbon alloy

An iron-carbon alloy with a carbon content of more than 2%. Industrial cast iron generally contains 2% to 4% carbon. Carbon is mostly present in the form of graphite in cast iron, and sometimes in the form of cementite.

  • White cast iron

The content of carbon and silicon is low, and the carbon mainly exists in the form of cementite, and the fracture is silvery white. Large shrinkage during solidification, easy to produce shrinkage holes and cracks. It has high hardness and high brittleness and cannot bear impact load. It is mostly used as blanks of malleable cast iron and making wear-resistant parts.

YIDE casting is a professional casting foundry, specialized in cast iron since 1993s, provides both casting and machining service for the casting ductile iron casting parts, if you are interested in our casting service, please feel free to contact us for more details.

ASTM A536 70-50-05 Ductile Cast Iron

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ASTM A536 70-50-05 is a high grade of ductile iron according to the American standard.

The yield strength of ductile cast iron 70-50-05 is no less than 345MPa, the tensile strength is no less than 485MPa, and the elongation (L0=50mm tensile test bar) is no less than 5%. It is equivalent to ISO grade 500-7, China QT500-7, Germany GGG50, EN-GJS-500-7, UK 500/7, Australia 500-7.

This grade of ductile iron is suitable for special applications, such as pipes, fittings etc. In practice, Grade 80-55-06 is better than this grade. Therefore, many clients will use 80-55-06 ductile cast iron instead.

Standard ASTM A536 has no requirement to the chemical composition. Hence the iron foundry could adjust the chemical composition according to their experience. However, the mechanical properties are the necessary requirement.

This material grade has high tensile strength, but the elongation is not high. That means it is strong, but does not have good ductility. Therefore, unless you have special reasons, otherwise, the equal grade 80-55-06 may be a better choice.

The following is the mechanical requirement to this grade.

 

 

Surface Finish Measuring for iron casting plate

Machining Surface Finish Chart (2)

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Machining surface finish

Surface finish is another term for surface roughness. The surface finish is put forward according to the human visual point of view. Meanwhile, the surface roughness is put forward according to the actual surface micro-geometry. Because of its conformity with international standards (ISO), China adopted surface roughness after the 1980s and abolished surface finish. After the promulgation of the national standards for surface roughness GB3505-83 and GB1031-83, the surface finish is no longer used.

There are corresponding comparison tables for surface finish and surface roughness. Roughness has a calculation formula for measurement, while smoothness can only be compared with a model gauge. Therefore, the roughness is more scientific and rigorous than the finish.

Machining surface finish and surface roughness comparison table

 

surface finish value

surface roughness value

Ra

（μm）

1) Surface condition

2) Processing method

3) Application examples

▽1

400~800

▽2

200~400

1) Obviously visible tool marks

2) Rough turning, boring, planing, drilling

3) Surface after rough machining, 2 Welding seam before welding, rough drilling wall, etc.

▽ 3

100~200

1) Visible tool marks

2) Rough turning, planing, milling, drilling

3) General non-bonding surfaces, such as shaft end faces, chamfers, side surfaces of gears and pulleys, non-working surfaces of keyways, and weight-reducing hole surfaces

▽4

50~100

1) Visible machining traces

2) Turning, boring, planing, drilling, milling, filing, grinding, rough reaming, milling teeth

3) Matching surfaces of unimportant parts, such as pillars, brackets, shells, bushes, shafts, covers, etc. End face. The free surface of the fastener, the surface of the through hole of the fastener, the non-centering surface of the inner and outer splines, the round surface of the gear top ring that is not used as a measurement reference, etc.

▽5

25~50

1) Processing traces are slightly visible

2) Turning, boring, planing, milling, scraping 1～2 points/cm^2, drawing, grinding, filing, rolling, milling

3) Connecting with other parts does not form a matching surface, such as The end face of the box, shell, end cover and other parts. Fixed bearing surfaces that require centering and matching characteristics, such as centering shafts, working surfaces of keys and keyways. The surface of the fastening thread is not important. Surfaces that need knurling or oxidation treatment

▽6

12.5~25

1) Can’t see the processing traces

2) Turning, boring, planing, milling, reaming, drawing, grinding, rolling, scraping 1～2 points/cm^2 milling teeth

3) Mounting the housing hole of G-class bearing with a diameter of more than 80mm , Ordinary precision gear tooth surface, positioning pin hole, surface of V-belt pulley, outer diameter of inner spline centered by outer diameter, centering shoulder surface of bearing cap

▽7

6.3~12.5

1) The direction of the machining traces can be distinguished

2) Turning, boring, drawing, grinding, milling, scraping 3-10 points/cm^2, rolling

3) Surfaces that require centering and matching characteristics, such as taper pins and cylinders The surface of the pin, the shaft diameter and housing hole matched with the G-class precision rolling bearing, the shaft diameter for medium-speed rotation, the shaft diameter and the housing hole of the E and D rolling bearing with a diameter of more than 80mm, and the centering of the inner and outer splines Inner diameter, outer spline key side and centering outer diameter, interference fit IT7 hole (H7), clearance fit IT8～IT9 hole (H8, H9), ground gear surface, etc.

▽8

3.2~6.3

1) Micro-identification of the direction of the machining traces

2) Reaming, grinding, boring, pulling, scraping 3-10 points/cm^2, rolling

3) The mating surface that requires long-term maintenance of stable mating properties, IT7-level shaft and hole mating surface , High precision gear surface, important parts subject to variable stress, shaft diameter surface matched with E and D class bearings with a diameter of less than 80mm, shaft surface contacting with rubber seals, IT13～IT16 with a size greater than 120mm Measuring surface of hole and shaft gauge

▽9

1.6~3.2

1) The direction of the machining traces cannot be discerned

2) Wheel grinding, grinding, grinding, super processing

3) The surface of important parts subject to variable stress during work. Ensure the fatigue strength, corrosion resistance and durability of the parts, and do not damage the mating surface during work, such as the shaft diameter surface, the airtight surface and the supporting surface, and the conical centering surface. IT5, IT6 level mating surface, surface of high-precision gear, shaft diameter surface matched with G-level rolling bearing, IT7～IT9 level hole with size greater than 315mm and shaft gauge level IT10～IT12 hole with size greater than 120～315mm Measuring surface of shaft gauge, etc.

▽10

0.8~1.6

1) Dark glossy surface

2) Super processing

3) The surface of important parts that are subjected to large variable stress during work. Ensure precise centering of the cone surface. Hole surface for hydraulic transmission. The inner surface of the cylinder liner, the outer surface of the piston pin, the instrument guide surface, and the valve working surface. IT10～IT12 grade hole and shaft gauge measuring surface with size less than 120mm

▽11

0.4~0.8

▽12

0.2~0.4

▽13

0.1~0.2

▽14

<0.1